The History of the Southern Dynasties (Nan Shi) is one of the official Twenty-Four Histories of China, compiled during the Tang dynasty by historian Li Yanshou. It documents the political, cultural, and biographical history of the Southern Dynasties—Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen—from 420 to 589 CE. As an essential text for understanding the division and transformation of early medi…
The Book of Sui (Sui Shu) is the official historical record of the Sui dynasty (581–618), compiled during the early Tang dynasty by Wei Zheng and other court historians. As part of the Twenty-Four Histories, it provides essential accounts of emperors, government institutions, economy, law, culture, and foreign relations of the Sui empire. Volume 3 continues the historical narrative and biogra…
Volume 2 of the History of the Southern Dynasties (Nan Shi) continues the official historical records compiled by the Tang historian Li Yanshou. This dynastic history documents the political, social, and cultural developments of the Southern Dynasties—Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang, and Chen—during the period 420–589 CE. As part of the Twenty-Four Histories, the text provides authoritative …
Volume 1 of the History of the Northern Dynasties (Bei Shi) is part of the Twenty-Four Histories and was compiled by the Tang historian Li Yanshou. The work provides comprehensive historical accounts of the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou states that ruled northern China between the 4th and 6th centuries. This official history includes detailed biographica…
History of the Northern Dynasties (Bei shi) is a classical Chinese historical text belonging to the official canon of the Twenty-Four Histories, covering the history of northern Chinese regimes from the year 386 CE to 618 CE. It records the political, cultural, military, and social developments of the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, and Sui dynasty periods ac…
Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tang Shu) is the earliest official historical work documenting the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE), and is recognised as one of China’s Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled in 945 CE during the Later Jin state of the Five Dynasties period under the direction of Liu Xu and Zhang Zhaoyuan, it contains 200 chapters covering imperial annals, treatises, and biographies. The w…
Old Book of Tang (Jiu Tang Shu) is one of the official Twenty-Four Histories of China, compiled during the Later Jin dynasty under the leadership of Liu Xu. It documents the political, military, cultural, economic, and biographical history of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Volume 2 contains imperial annals and records that provide essential primary-source material for the study of Tang governanc…
Xin Tang Shu (New Book of Tang), Volume 1, is one of the official dynastic histories included in the Twenty-Four Histories. Compiled during the Song dynasty by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi, the text was a major revision of the earlier Old Book of Tang, aiming to improve historical accuracy, literary style, and organizational structure. Volume 1 introduces foundational historical records of the Tang d…
“Jiu Tang Shu” (Old Book of Tang) is one of the official histories included in the “Twenty-Four Histories,” compiled during the Later Jin Dynasty under Liu Xu and other scholars. Volume 3 continues documenting the political and administrative structure of the Tang Dynasty, including imperial biographies, governmental organization, and significant state events. As an essential classical …
Jiu Tang Shu (Old Book of Tang), Volume 4, is part of the official historical record of the Tang dynasty as included in the Twenty-Four Histories. Compiled during the Later Jin dynasty under the leadership of Liu Xu, the work preserves early historical materials about the Tang dynasty, including imperial biographies, major political events, administrative developments, and cultural achievements…